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№2' 2016

QUESTIONS OF IMMUNOGENESIS

International Medical Journal, Vol. 22., Iss. 2, 2016, P. 77−86.

IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF AND INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN CANCER AND THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL REGULATION

Pirogov Russian national research medical university, Moscow, Russian Federation

This review features the questions of disorders of immunoinflammatory response regulation leading to various pathological conditions (tumor growth, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, etc.). In this case, formation of immunological tolerance, triggered by unaccomplishing immunological process can be important. The ability of inflammatory mediators to induce tolerance is used in normal conditions (during pregnancy, tolerance to dietary antigens). The mechanisms linking development of tumors, tolerance and chronic inflammatory response and possible regulatory role of a number of drugs in these processes were determined. One of the most important stimulators of apoptosis is PD−L1, its binding to the corresponding receptor on the surface of T−cells leads to anergy. In the tumor microenvironment, T−lymphocytes are characterized by expression of a large number of inhibitory receptors therefore promising means of cancer immunotherapy is the use of antibodies to it. Thus, ipilimumab (antibody drug for CTLA−4) indicates a relatively high efficiency in treatment of late−stage melanoma. The effects of cytokines are discussed. The state of immunological response is connected with regulation of metabolism of some amino acids; their deficiency allows reduction of inflammatory response and induce immunological tolerance. Taking into account the importance of maintaining balance in the immune regulation, compounds that can suppress chronic inflammation and does not have severe side effects after prolonged use are searched. Among such substances are flavonoids, retinoic acid and its metabolites, as well as non−steroidal anti−inflammatory drugs. Thus, there are prospects for effective pharmacologic effects on the regulation of immune processes with the purpose to eliminate chronic inflammation and its negative consequences.

Key words: inflammation, immune tolerance, pregnancy, cancer.