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№2' 2021

PEDIATRICS

International Medical Journal, Vol. 27., Iss. 2, 2021, P. 22−31.

DOI (https://doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2021-2-4)

NUTRITIONAL INSUFFICIENCY AND METHODS OF ITS CORRECTION IN PALLIATIVE PATIENT PRACTICE

Municipal Non−Profit Enterprise "City Children's Hospital № 5" of Kharkiv City Council, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine

Palliative care, which is devoted to the current problem of modern pediatrics, is presented as an important area not only in science but also in practical medicine. It is known that the quality of life of any person consists of various aspects and depends on many factors. Clinical nutrition is a set of therapeutic activities aimed at optimizing homeostasis and adaptive reserves of the patient. The modern concept of metabolic treatment, or nutritional support, is primarily organoprotective, which allows to improve the clinical outcome. That is why the nutritional support (in its various options: parenteral, enteral, including sip feeding, nutrition) as a leading factor in preventing the multiple organ failure can be considered one of the main aspects of palliative medicine. To determine the relevance of this issue, the main objectives of clinical nutrition were identified, namely: neutralization of symptoms of hypermetabolism − hypercatabolism, restoration of somatic or visceral protein pool, prevention or treatment of immune suppression, reducing the risk of infectious diseases or their complications, activation of reparative processes life of palliative patients. But recently, the attitude to nutritional support has been radically revised and a new concept has been developed taking into account the main processes in a certain pathological condition (rate of lipolysis, dysproteinemia, metabolic acidosis, circulating blood volume, increased degenerative changes in the pancreas). The need for nutritional correction in the patients with chronic non−progressive conditions, which is a leading component of improving quality of life, has been proven by a clinical example. Thus, a modern comprehensive approach to the correction of the nutritional status of the patient will contribute to the faster disappearance of symptoms and complications.

Key words: palliative care, diet therapy, nutritional insufficiency, nutritional correction.

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