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ARCHIVE

№2' 2018

SURGERY

International Medical Journal, Vol. 24., Iss. 2, 2018, P. 23−28.

MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTIC AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

V. T. Zaitsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of AMS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

The review of the literature is devoted to the problems of diagnosis, etiology search and methods of surgical correction of pericardial effusion of various etiologies. Pericardial effusion is the most common disease of the pericardium, which often has a secondary nature and develops due to primary pathological processes: infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal, etc.), autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic, traumatic, iatrogenic causes, drug−related nature etc. This article overviews the modern literature data on terminology and classification of pericardial effusion, the main diagnostic methods, the possibility of etiological search for the cause of effusion in the pericardial cavity, as well as the main tasks and methods of pericardial surgical interventions and indications to them. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign literary, we can conclude that at present there is no consensus on the clinical and nosological structure, epidemiology, course, prognosis and the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of treatment of pericardial effusion; instrumental noninvasive diagnostic methods allow establishing the presence and severity of pericardial effusion, but are almost helpless in the etiological search for the causes of its occurrence; there is no consensus on the appropriateness, effectiveness and necessity of using various tests and interventions in the diagnosis of pericarditis. Analysis of literature data on the surgical treatment of pericardial effusion indicates the absence of a systematic and differential approach to choice the treatment tactics based on the objectives of the intervention, patient's condition and related disorders.

Key words: pericarditis, minimally invasive interventions, surgical treatment.