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ARCHIVE

№2' 2021

PULMONOLOGY

International Medical Journal, Vol. 27., Iss. 2, 2021, P. 10−15.


DOI (https://doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2021-2-2)

FEATURES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND ACUTE CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COMORBID COURSE


Maryna Mykolayivna Kochuieva, Shklyar S. P., Tymchenko H. A., Kochuiev H. I., Khodosh E. M., Valentyna Hryhorivna Psarova, Yakovenko O. L.

Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine
Sumy State University, Ukraine

Identifying the risk groups with potentially higher susceptibility and worse prognosis is an important to combat the COVID−19. Bronchial asthma is a common non−infectious disease of the respiratory system, and this group of patients is usually prone to more severe consequences of viral infections. Already at the early stages of the COVID−19 pandemic, this pathology was classified as a comorbid which can potentially increase the risk of coronavirus infection and worsen its course. However, recent scientific evidence suggests that the prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma among those infected is lower than expected compared to other comorbidities. Analysis of the results of most studies shows that patients with COVID−19 have concomitant bronchial asthma with no increased risk of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, intubation / ventilation, higher clinical severity or mortality than the patients without bronchial asthma. This may be due to the pathogenetic mechanisms of allergic reaction and the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Considering the effect of asthma therapy on the course of COVID−19, the researchers found that the systematic use of inhaled corticosteroids reduces the incidence of exacerbations of bronchial asthma, allergen immunotherapy may play a protective role in very ill patients with COVID−19. Studies indicate a potential effect of monoclonal antibodies against IgE on the viral response. Taking into account the potential protective effects of bronchial asthma treatment and the high risk of its exacerbations when basic therapy is discontinued, as well as following the GINA 2020 guidelines for the management of such patients in COVID−19, the authors consider appropriate its prescribing during a pandemic.

Key words: COVID−19, SARS− CoV−2, bronchial asthma, pathogenesis, inhaled corticosteroids.


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